Showing posts with label Metis. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Metis. Show all posts

Monday, 18 March 2019

Maximizing a Search in the Canadiana Collection - Part II





At Canadiana.org we will take a look at the section for Early Canadiana Online
This section holds full text content about historical Canada, including books, magazines and government documents. These works are from the time of first European settlers until about 1950s, and span 21 European and Aboriginal languages. 





This section is for you if your ancestors were early arrivals, in the fur trade, or if you have Metis or Aboriginal ancestors (also check Aboriginal newspapers in Part I). The various medical journals may hold names of ancestors or tell about epidemics that occurred. Here is where you will also find treaties and acts of government.

This time I searched for my husband's Nolin family as they have been in Canada a long time and entered in the fur trade. A few were famous interpreters at trials and meetings. This shows how many Nolin results are in each collection in this section...





I chose Hudson's Bay Company, as that would give me results for the Nolin family that worked and lived in that area. The last entry on page 1 interested me... 
The Hudson's Bay Company's land tenures.. 


At the top I click on the page numbers that match my search and the second one gives me lot numbers that were granted to Augustin and Jean Nolin




When finished browsing use the "back to results" link, otherwise the browser back button will just take you back to the last page you looked at.

I tried a search for Seale, not expecting too much, as it usually reads as "scale". 
I filter my results on the left. For the "search in" menu I choose text. I change the year span to when my ancestor arrived. I then checkmarked the "Genealogy and local history" collection.  Using the filters cuts the number of results to a more manageable size, making the task less daunting. You can also use the minus sign in your search. I was getting many results for "voters lists" which I've seen before and don't need. When I type in the search box "Seale -voters" the number of results went down by about a third. Adding "-directory" again lessened the number of results. Seems like you can keep adding minus keywords to pare down your results. You can also use the plus sign, but I find it doesn't work as well.


Some results were militia lists, but one result looked promising as my "Seale others" lived in that area...




There are 3 pages which match my search. Good thing I looked as here they talk about George Seale, the brother of Joseph. I have Joseph on my tree but not George. This tells me about the lands he bought and sold, who and when he married, how many children he had and some of their names, etc. Now I can add George to my tree and do more research on him.

As always, I add the URL to the web link section in the Sources column on their profile page of my Ancestry tree.

You can search your ancestor's place name too and remember the program may not be properly reading the keyword you type, like my seale vs scale, or your ancestor name may be there but too faded to read. 

From the home page you can choose a collection of interest and click browse a collection





This is useful when you don't really know what you're looking for and want to see what is available. You may come across some American publications.





When you choose a result you will be in the View tab by default, and clicking on the About tab will give you information on the publication you are looking at. 
You can search within the document on any page.  

Happy hunting!


Relevant Links






Related Post







Monday, 16 November 2015

Nolin Brothers and the Northwest Rebellion



Charles, Joseph and Duncan Nolin, 3 of the 11 children of Augustin Nolin and Hélène-Anne Cameron of Manitoba, were farmers and fur traders in Pointe-de-Chêne (Ste-Anne-des-Chênes) in the 1850s. Speaking French, Michif, Cree and English, some of the Nolin brothers, including Augustin Jr, were often called upon by the authorities as translators. By the late 1860s the prosperous Nolin brothers were siding with the more conservative or “loyalist” Métis who supported the Council of Assiniboia and the proposed transfer of Rupert’s Land to Canada. Charles became involved in the provisional government that Louis Riel had set up to replace the Council of Assiniboia. Representing Ste-Anne-des-Chênes, Charles was one of 20 French-speaking delegates elected to a convention called by Louis Riel which first met on 26 Jan. 1870, and he was appointed to its executive committee. Charles and Louis Riel (first cousins by marriage) didn’t see eye to eye and Riel even attempted to have him arrested. Charles reluctantly agreed to support the provisional government and its leader. He was elected later in February to the 24-member assembly that had been established by the convention, but he was soon removed from it and jailed for a short time. After the adoption of the Manitoba Act in May 1870, Riel visited Ste-Anne-des-Chênes in hope of reconciliation. The animosity between the two factions was so great, however, that the Nolin family threatened him.  In March 1871 Charles wrote a letter of apology to Riel and there was renewed solidarity among the Métis.

Louis Riel’s actions in the following years angered English Canada, which, not willing to understand the validity of the Métis' and First Nations' claims, called on the Macdonald government to act. It sent the Canadian militia to Batoche, Calgary and Battleford, Saskatchewan. The Indian and Métis resistance could not survive against the strength of the Canadian militia.  After the battle of Duck Lake on 26 March Charles Nolin was promptly arrested and jailed by the NWMP. His wife and young children sought refuge with the priests at Batoche. In exchange for his freedom at the end of the hostilities Charles Nolin agreed to become one of the crown’s chief witnesses against Riel.

On 2 April 1885, Big Bear’s band of Cree went to Frog Lake and massacred some of the inhabitants and took some captive.  Two ladies, Theresa Gowanlock and Theresa Delaney, whose husbands were slain, were rescued by Adolphus Nolin (son of Charles) and another interpreter, John Pritchard.  Adolphus bought Mrs. Delaney for 2 ponies, and Pritchard bought Mrs. Gowanlock for 1 pony.  

 On May 12, 1885, the rebellion ended. Riel gave himself up to the North West Mounted Police. Louis Riel was tried in Regina where he was found guilty and sentenced to death. Louis Riel was hanged on November 16, 1885, in the North West Mounted Police quarters in Regina.  Many of the Métis were tried for treason, including some of the Nolin men.  Most were acquitted.




Charles Nolin was a Métis leader who, along with Riel, Lépine, and Dumont, was genuinely interested in the promotion of his people’s rights and interests.


Note:  One of my Seale ancestors fought with the NWMP during the Rebellion against my husband's Métis ancestors.


Related Posts:  Métis





Sunday, 4 October 2015

Serendipity Sunday - North West Mounted Police Business and Rebellion - 1885



The Nolin family may have had a big part in the fur trade in the 1700's and education for aboriginal and Métis girls in the early 1800's, but some were also quite involved in the Métis rebellions. Anything about the Métis history interests me. So I was pretty excited when I came across this Report.

After the Red River Rebellion of 1869-1870 the Métis moved from Manitoba to the northwest territories of Canada, settling in parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Things didn't go the way they had hoped and in 1885 they brought Louis Riel out of exile in the USA to lead them in their next fight against the Canadian government. The Northwest Rebellion of 1885 was short lived, but many died.



The following year the Sessional Papers of the Dominion of Canada of 1886 contained The Report of the Commissioner of the North West Mounted Police 1885, submitted by John A Macdonald, the Superintendent-general of Indian Affairs. 

Part I reports of ordinary NWMP business and cases, including murders and horse theft.

Part II reports about the rebellion from the time Louis Riel came back into the country.
The whole section is interesting reading.

Besides the various reports and letters, there are also lists of names in appendix. I have provided links to them here.




Relevant Links


Lunatics Part I

Wounded and Killed - March 26, 1885 at Duck Lake

Prince Albert Volunteer Company: men at Duck Lake March 1885

North West Mounted Police: D Division: men at Duck Lake March 1885

North West Mounted Police: men at Cut Knife Hill, May 1885 (+next page)

Men of C Division attached to Alberta Field Force (+ itinerary next page)

NWMP sick reports, surgeries, diseases (very few names, but interesting info, turn page)

Men of the NWMP and PA Volunteers killed / wounded

Criminal and other cases tried in the North West Territories (+ turn pages) 

Cases Tried and Criminals Confined at Battleford to Nov 1885 (+turn pages)

Cases Tried at Calgary, North West Territories to Nov 1885 (+ turn pages)

Cases Tried at Calgary and Prince Albert, NWT to Nov 1885

Cases Tried at Prince Albert and Edmonton, NWT to Nov 1885

All claims to land and right to participate in the North West Half Breed Grant by settlers of South Saskatchewan and vicinity

Lists of Claimants to land



Related Post:  Metis


Sunday, 21 June 2015

National Aboriginal Day - June 21


The Métis are recognized as one of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada. To celebrate his heritage and honour his forefathers, my husband registered and sent for his Metis status card. 



His 7x great grandfather was Jacques Nolin who came to Canada from France sometime before 1666 and settled at Ile d'Orleans. His 4x great grandfather was Jean Baptiste Nolin, well known and respected fur trader from Sault Ste Marie to Red River and Pembina. Jean Baptiste married Angelique Couvret, the Métis daughter of another fur trader, Victor Couvret and his wife Charlotte, a Saulteaux member of the Ojibwe Nation. 

My husband's father was also proud of his Métis heritage. Not all his family feels this way, still feeling the old stigma of being labeled a Métis or half-breed. Some of them even changed their name from Nolin to Nolan, hoping they were from the Irish Nolan's. 

"Denying who you are does not change anything," my husband says, "I am proud to stand with ALL my forefathers!"



Monday, 9 February 2015

Teachers


My husband has teachers in his ancestry, Angélique and Marguerite Nolin who started the first school in the Red River Settlement for native and metis girls.



My great grandfather's sister Jean had two daughters, Edith and Margaret Swanson, and in 1940 both were teachers at the Strathcona Academy at 520 (Côte) Ste Catherine Road in Outremont, Montreal.  Today this building, built in 1898, is home to the Department of Geography of the University of Montreal.



When WWII started more teachers were needed and the traits they were looking for changed - now not only were they to teach, but to be a role model for latch-key kids, who had absentee fathers and mothers who worked all day. The salary for a teacher depended on whether it was a male or female, and if they held a degree or not. Some "most successful" teachers received bonuses.

average teacher salaries 1899 -1900

  
There are a few people of Quebec mentioned (in passing) as being schoolmasters in the judicial records at BANQ... go to the Pistard section and search "maître ecole".  (You can open in Chrome or use a translator for English). These are court records.

Take a look through the publications "The Education Record for the Province of Quebec", some list teachers: Vol 16 has list of students that received diplomas (page 359), the 1916 volume has a list at the end of "Superior Schools" and their teachers, following appointments to school commissioner (page 323), teacher bonuses and prizes (check each district report), members of the Provincial Association of Teachers (page 34 - 68), plus good information throughout.

Also look to school yearbooks for names and photos of teachers. Following are other materials I have found that give lists of teachers.



Relevant links

Educational Record of the Province of Quebec 1916

Educational Record of the Province of Quebec Vol 16 - 1896

Names and addresses of school teachers of the county of Middlesex, Ont 1899

Westborough Teachers Association (Mass) seniority list 1982-1983 (tenure teachers only)

List of teachers in school districts nos 9 and 10, Sutton, Mass from 1790 to 1897

List of high school teachers, city and county superintendents of Missouri, 1914-1915

Superintendents, teachers and principal officers of Ackworth School, UK 1779 - 1894

Candidates eligible for appointments as teachers - Boston

A handbook showing the names, positions, residences and salaries of the officers, professors & teachers under the jurisdiction of the Board of Education, together with the location of the colleges and schools - New York 1876

Annual School Directory 1909-1910: public schools of Munroe County, NY

History of the "Old High School" on School Street, Springfield, Mass 1828 - 1840; with a personal history of the teachers

Allen County, Indiana school directory - c 1897-1920

The Teachers List - complete alphabetic directory - UK 1872

A Portrait of Retired Black Teachers; a legacy of Nova Scotia's Black History.

Schools and Teachers in the Province of Ontario

Schoolmasters of New France

Ontario Teachers: at Olive Tree Genealogy

Return of Elementary Schools Supported by the Government 1880, Australia Teachers






Friday, 16 May 2014

Métis



The Métis are the descendants of mixed First Nations and European people, either French-Métis or Anglo-Métis (mostly Scottish or English).  The most historically documented are those from the fur trading days in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.  Many fur traders and trappers married Indian women, not only for protection her tribe could offer him, but for skills to survive the harsh northern winters. The Métis have a deep-rooted culture in Canada and parts of the US.

If your ancestor was descended from an early Métis family, there are some records online, and other places you can do research. There are many books in French and in English if you want to learn more. You may notice that on Census forms many declared themselves as being white. Old fur trader Augustin Nolin's children had been sent for schooling in Montreal, and his 2 daughters Angelique and Marguerite started the first school for girls in western Canada at St Bonifice in 1829.


In the mid 1800’s the Canadian government offered Scrip to the Métis people, which was good for acres of land or money at $1.00 an acre.  You can read about this in some of the links below. This collection of records is not complete but the affidavits for scrip can be used as proof of birth when there is no birth record to be found.
Relevant Links:

Metis culture 1750-1790

Images of original scrip affidavits at LAC 

Glenbow Museum - Metis files

History of the North West

Genealogy of the first Metis Nation: Red River households 1818-1870

Half-breed Scrip of the Red Lake and Pembina Bands of Chippewa and the US

Voyageur Heritage Resources

Half-Breed Scrip; Chippewas of Lake Superior

Michigan Land Grants  (free e-book - American State Papers)

1836 Mixed Blood Census Register (Michigan)

Saskatchewan Metis

Lines Drawn Upon the Water

Families of the Northwest Resistance

Census of Natives across Canada (not indexed)

Voyages and travels of an Indian interpreter and trader, : describing the manners and customs of the North American Indians; with an account of the posts situated on the river Saint Laurence, Lake Ontario, &c. : To which is added, a vocabulary of the Chippeway language. Names of furs and skins, in English and French. A list of words in the Iroquois, Mohegan, Shawanee, and Esquimeaux tongues, and a table, shewing the analogy between the Algonkin and Chippeway languages – 1791




Thursday, 15 May 2014

The Fur Trade




The fur trade was not just an industry in early Canada, it was also important for exploration and mapping.  If you have an ancestor that worked in the fur trade, there is lots of information about it on the internet. Some farmers took fur trapping jobs in the winter to make extra money to buy more land.

The Voyageurs were the canoe traveling workers for fur trading companies.  The Coureurs de Bois were unlicensed, independents. The fur trade was global – while Canada and the US were trading to Europe, Russia was trading furs to China and Islamic regions of Asia. Besides the well-known Hudson’s Bay Company, North West Company, and American Fur Company, there were also the Russian-American Company and the New Netherlands Company.

The trading companies soon realized they needed a Standard of value for furs, and it worked most of the time, not always.  When people think of the fur trade they think of beaver, but there were many other species including otter, sable, deer, bear, skunk, wolves, foxes and hares.

A prime beaver pelt was called a "made beaver" - a pelt which had already been worn for at least one season and from which most of the long outer hair had worn off. The greasy beaver wool was easily shaved from the skin by felters, and turned into the finest felt for making hats.

The prices of all trade goods were set in values of Made Beaver (MB) with other animal pelts, such as squirrel, otter and moose quoted in their MB (made beaver) equivalents. For example, 2 otter pelts might equal 1 MB.

There are many digitized books on the Fur Trade in North America – you can search google fur trade (also try + ancestors name) and choose Books from the google menu. Also try searching at archive.org. I am providing a few links that have names of people involved in the fur trade.
Relevant Links:

HBC Voyageurs database
NW Fur Traders – McGill (check other pages here)
Davies/Scroggie Collection (some contracts)
Land Claims in Michigan (some by Fur Traders families)
Directory of the hat, cap, and fur trades, United States and Canada 1880
The John Askin Papers

Henry’sJournal – Fur Trade on the Red River

The Canadian North-west, its early development and legislative records : minutes of the Councils of the Red River colony and the Northern Department of Rupert's Land

The Beaver - HBC Periodical

Fur Trade Info at French-Canadian Heritage Society of Michigan

NOTE: Website authors doing updates to their sites may change their URLs. You can probably find it again by googling the subject.

By joining our Facebook Group you get other genealogy news from time to time, and under the FILES tab you can download pages of links that go with the posts.

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